Thanks to the fresh air we get today, forests are vital to growing the natural fruits we consume.

Forests can multiply or be destroyed by human hands. Forests are considered one of the important factors for storing carbon on the planet. But the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide into the air as a result of deforestation is causing changes in our climate. The only way to prevent this is reforestation. Forests help mitigate the effects of climate change. They help not only to reduce the amount of toxic gases, but also to improve the water regime, the condition of the soil for agriculture by creating stable landscapes, as well as in extreme weather conditions, such as rising sea water levels and the like.

It is known that barrier forests reduce wind speed and prevent the evaporation of moisture from the soil, the blowing away of its upper layers by the wind, reduce the movement of migrating sands, and prevent soil erosion on slopes by flooding, i.e. erosion.

When creating a forest, it is necessary to study the biological and ecological characteristics of any tree and shrub and know their importance in the economy. This will help you use them correctly. It is advisable to plant them, knowing well which types of trees and shrubs need to be planted in the steppe zone, and which ones in the mountain zone and in populated areas.

Today, a laboratory has been created to conduct research on afforestation of the dry bottom of the Aral Sea, in which agricultural technology for creating agroforests in various soil conditions has been developed. The types of plants that can grow here, the anti-deflation properties of the surrounding forests, their ecological significance, regeneration, nutrient content and physiological indicators have been determined.

Due to the importance of barrier forests, much attention has been paid to their creation in recent years. According to experts, the process of natural cover by plants under the influence of protective forests proceeds 2-3 times faster. In addition to softening the microclimate, barrier forests increase the productivity and nutritional value of pastures by 2-3 times. Forest barriers trap particles harmful to the air and purify the atmosphere for a while.

As the Aral Sea dried out, highly saline sandy areas appeared on millions of hectares of land. From these areas, more than 100 million particles of salt, dust and sand rise into the atmosphere every year, which end up not only in Uzbekistan and Karakalpakstan, but also in neighboring republics. Forest bushes collect sand around themselves and do not allow them to fly long distances. Shrubs growing in the desert age and collect more sand. 1 bush of 20-year-old black saxaul collected 3.93 m3 of sand under its branches, Richter’s bush collected 2.1 m3, red sugar cane collected 32.3 m3, yulgun collected 7.5 m3 of sand, said Guzal Kholmatovna Atajanova, junior scientific employee of the laboratory of forest restoration and forest reclamation

Black saxaul planted on the dried seabed, with an average height of 2-3 m and a cornea diameter of 2 m, retained 0.63 m3 of sand, which is 1 ton. 475 tons of sand were collected on one hectare of saxaul forest. The 7-year-old Kandym bush collects 2.25 m3 of sand around itself, saxaul 1.03 and Circassian 1.77 m3 of sand.

To mitigate the process of deflation in these degraded areas, grassland can be created through afforestation. Among the main nutritious plants suitable for establishing pastures, chugon, teresken, boyalych, keireuk, izen, seline, tall saxaul shrubs, cherkez, and kandym are recommended. In addition, one more important point should be mentioned, since the desert zone is considered an extremely arid zone; to increase the greenness of plants when planting them, it is advisable to use water-retaining polymer nanoadhesives.

The use of polymer nanowires increases germination by 90%, and the number of plants increases by 2-3 times with a several-fold increase in soil moisture.